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- DATE: FEB. 20, 1991 06:38 REPORT:
- TO: SPL
- FOR:
- CC:
- BUREAU: BONN
- BY: J.JACKSON
- IN:
- SLUG: PREPAREDNESS
-
- BRUCE, the headquarters at Heidelberg and Ramstein
- predictably refer us to the Pentagon for any questions on
- strategy and preparedness which they say are "above our
- pay grade." I have a bid in for a talk with somebody of
- rank, possibly the Army commander, Crosbie Saint, whom I
- know from last year's Reforger. But I rather doubt I can
- get him in time, and even so he is likely to dodge any
- grand strategy questions. Meanwhile here is what I can
- dredge together:
-
- The U.S. forces assigned to Germany have been cut by
- nearly one fourth to supply men and weapons for the war
- in the Gulf, and a significant number of those remaining
- are working in support of th war effort or are themselves
- preparing to deploy Gulfwards if they are needed for
- rotation or reinforcement. "We are working for the long
- haul," said Gen. Crosbie Saint, the U.S. Army commander
- in Germany. "This is not a short-term thing."
-
- Before the war began, Saint and other U.S. commanders in
- Germany were already losing a significant portion of
- their commands because of planned cuts in conventional
- forces in Europe. Some 30,000 U.S. troops were scheduled
- to leave without replacement during 1991 as part of CFE
- reductions, and 100 installations were scheduled to be
- closed and turned over to the German government. The
- tense, high- readiness duty along the old East-West
- divide at such potential invasion points as the Fulda Gap
- had come to an end with the fall of the Berlin Wall and
- unification of Germany. The German populace was no longer
- willing to tolerate the noise of low-flying aircraft and
- the presence of 60-ton tanks in their farm fields. When
- the U.S. forces played out their last big readiness
- exercise last year they did it without tanks for the
- first time since the Cold War began 40 years ago. They
- used trucks, jeeps and computer simulations instead. The
- only real job left to the forces in Germany was to fold
- their tents and leave under CFE agreements that are
- expected to reduce the 260,000 U.S. contingent in Germany
- to fewer than 200,000 by the mid 1990s.
-
- The Gulf war changed the focus of the reductions.
- Instead of returning home to garrison duty, most of the
- 30,000 troops scheduled for departure went to Saudi
- Arabia instead along with a significant part of the
- remainder. In all, about 80,000 of the 260,000 U.S.
- forces in Germany have moved to Gulf combat, along with
- their aircraft, armor and weaponry. Those who remained
- behind, no longer needed to guard against attack from the
- armies of the defunct Warsaw Pact, have turned their
- attention to training for the Gulf and for protecting
- against terrorist attacks against U.S. installations.
- Saint said he is responsible for some 53,000 military
- families including those of many of the troops sent to
- the Gulf. To protect them, six companies of reserve
- military police units have been sent to Europe from the
- U.S. and two more are expected. Saint has also assigned a
- 3,000-man light infantry battalion as a quick-response
- anti-terrorist force. "If we get an indication that there
- is a high threat, then we will saturate that area with
- this infantry battalion," Saint said in a radio
- interview.
-
- Army spokesmen said the Gulf war has demonstrated a
- changed mission for the U.S. forces in Europe--from
- defense against Soviet attack to preparation for combat
- in any area of the world. "In about seven weeks, the U.S.
- Army in Europe moved more than 70,000 soldiers and 40,000
- pieces of equipment from Germany to Saudi Arabia," said
- Col. Phillip W. Childress, the chief Army spokesman at
- the Heidelberg Headquarters. "This operation was the most
- challenging movement of forces since the 1944 Normandy
- invasion." Childress said the deployment "adds a new
- twist to the Army's role as a strategic deployable force
- and reinforces the importance of forward-deployed forces
- in the post-Cold-War world."
-
- Whether U.S. forces will be able to continue using
- Germany as a forward base is an issue yet to be settled
- or even debated. Although the German government has not
- balked at the use of bases on its soil as the main
- staging areas for the Gulf operation, antiwar sentiment
- in the country has been strong. It is at least doubtful
- that German public opinion will agree to the use of the
- bases for future conflicts outside the NATO area and,
- perhaps, outside German national interests.
-
-